Casemates du Bock
Casemates du Bock, Luxembourg. Cliffside fortifications built between 1644 and 1746 variously by the Spanish, French, and Austrians. The fortifications offered a commanding view of the Alzette River valley. Dismantled following the Treaty of London of 1867.
Part of the City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications UNESCO World Heritage site.
"...the Bouc or Bock, a precipitous rock, connected with the upper town by the Pont du Château. It bears the remains of the old ducal castle and is honeycombed by curious underground fortifications."--Baedeker 1910.
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Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overr... ... read more 
