12-28,29-2023 Ushuaia, Argentina

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Argentina



12-28-23 Ushuaia, Argentina: la thu do cua Tierra del Fuego. voi so dan la 82,000. La the world's Southernmost City.Co 9,390km2. cach Antarctica 1,100km va la 1 of 5 gateaway to Antarctica. Ushuaia co nghia la Bay hay cove.lanh nhat o day la vao thang 7 voi nhiet do 34F va nong nhat vao thang 1 voi 85F voi 4hrs sunshine a day.

Truoc kia Ushuaia la mot lang mac sau nay phat trien len thanh mot thanh pho hien tai co 45,000 dan. Ngay xua Argentina dung noi nay den giam giu toi pham cho den nam 1947 thi tro thanh Naval bay roi tu tu tro thanh thanh pho du lich. Ushuaia cua Argentina va Puerto Williams cua Chile dieu cho rang minh la the Southermost city the world de thu hut du khach. Ushuaia la capital cua vung Tierra del Fuego. Terra del Fuego la ‘Land of fire” ten co tu lua trai cua nguoi Yamana vay quanh boi Atlantic ocean va Strait Of Magellan. Vung nay co nhieu glacier, forest, ho va song. Nam 1520 Magellan di qua strait ma bay gio duoc dac ten ong. Beagle chanel chia cat Ushuaia Argentina va Chile. Nam 2013 toi den day Vi gio lon du thuyen khong vao duoc Ushiaia lam moi nguoi that vong vi Ushiaia duoc coi nhu la thanh pho cuoi cung cua trai dat doi voi Argentina. Con Chile cho la Punta Arenas la thanh pho cuoi cung cua trai dat doi voi ho. Ca 2 nuoc dieu tranh gianh cai ten quan trong nay. Tuy nhien theo quy che thi muon tro thanh thanh pho thi phanh pho do phai co tren 100 ngan dan ma Ushiaia thi khong ma Punta Arenes thi co nen theo tieu chuan nay Punta Arenes coi nhu la thanh pho va la thanh pho cuoi cung cua trai dat.

Ngay hom qua 12-27-2023 du thuyen khong vao duoc Punta Arenas, Chile vi di vao bang Tender. Song lon tender co the bi nguy hiem nen Thuyen truong khong vao ma chay thang den Ushuaia, Argentina. Vi di som nen du thuyen cap ben Ushuaia luc 10am thay vi 11:30am nhu du dinh. Tren duong vao co rat nhieu du thuyen nho de di Antarctica Experdition va cung co thuyen lon dang dau. Trong so nay co Viking, National Geographic Crusie. Lan dau tien toi gap du thuyen nay. Toi len bo luc 10:30am va di ra khoi cong port va chung toi muon xe taxi di cung voi vo chong ong nguoi Chile. Chung toi muon xe di National Park 3 tieng voi gia $100 nhung ba Chile muon di lau va di nhieu vung nen chung toi di 5 tieng tu 11:30am den 5pm voi gia $180 cho 4 nguoi. Truoc het anh tai xe dua chung toi den xem Fanana Lake nam giua thung lung va duoc bao vay boi nui cao phu day tuyet tren dinh nui. Trong rat dep. Ngay co noi port nhin xung quanh thanh pho duoi chan nui rat dep vi nui vay quanh ma thanh pho nam giua. Day la port co canh thien nhien dep nhat theo toi. Tai xe ngung lai noi co cau thang bat len de du khach len tren cao nhin xuong ho phia duoi rat dep ma xung quanh la nhung ngon nui voi tuyet phu. Troi gio lon nen rat lanh mac dau nhiet do khoang 34C. Ai cung mac do that am va nhieu layers. Tren trai dat co luc nhiet do thap va cao. Khi nhiet do thap lanh thi duoc goi la Glaciations. Nhung Glaciers la gi? Nhieu mua dong tuyet phu tu tu sau nhieu nam chong chat va dong cuc lai tao thanh glaciers. Tai vi Gravity bat dau do xuong slope va valleys. Glacier dau tien duoc tao thanh cach day 25,000 nam va cuoi cung cach day 10,000 nam cho den ngay nay. O Tierra del Fuego ice field in Darwin Range ma 4 cua chung bay gio tao thanh goi la Staright of Magellan, Fagnano Lake va the Beagle Channel. Co nhieu glaciers nho trong Carbajal valley.

Sau do tai xe ghe qua restaurant ma noi day co du khach tu du thuyen ngung lai an trua. Toi vao quan kha lon va ho dang bai ban dia cho du khach. Ben canh trong can nha nho ho dang nuong rat nhieu con lamb ma ho goi la Patagonian Lambs. La dac san cua vung Ushuaia. Ho treo khoang 10 con lambs da lam san xung quanh lo nuong lo thien. Lan dau tien toi thay nuong lamb nhieu va da biet nhu vay nen vao ben trong de xem. Ho nuong tu tu bang than cui. O day toi mua magnate hinh con chim dac biet vung la la chim Pajaro Cartintero la loai chim chuyen mo cay. Chim rat dep dau mau do minh mau den. Sau do tai xe taxi dua chung toi den vien bao tang xe motorcycle. Tehueiche la loai xe motorcycle lam tai Argentina bat dau tu nam 1957 den 1964. Nguoi che ra xe nay la Juan Rarfaid va Accerto Fattcriri . Tu day chung toi ghe qua Mirador Paso Garibaldi de xem canh ho tu tren cao. Roi xuong bo ho chup hinh. Len xe tiep tuc leo nui thi tuyet bat dau do xuong tuyet voi. Xuong xe de ngam canh tuyet roi tren dinh nui nhin xuong vuc sau tham tham. Chung toi rat hao hung duoc di chuyen di nay. Roi xe di nguoc lai de tro lai noi du thuyen dau va di ve huong nguoc lai de den Tierro del Fuego National Park. Khoang 30’ sau thi den cong 2 ben de Ushuaia, Patagonia Region, Tierra del Fuego Province of Argentina. Noi day bat dau vao National Park of Tierra Del Fuego. Toi mua ticket de vao park voi gia 12,000 tien Argentina. Di khoang 10’ thi den bo ho noi do xe tours va du khach ngung lai xuong xe de ngam canh ho ma xuong quang la nui bao phu day tuyet rat dep. Tai day co trail de leo rung nen chung toi hike mot doan vao rung day cay la rat dep. Toi nhat vai trai cay trong rung ve lam ky niem. Trong rung nay la noi cu ngu cua tho dan ngay xua . Ho song nho vao an trai cay va thit cua Southern Fur seals And sea lions la nguon thuc pham quan trong vi co fat de giu am vao mua dong v athoi tiec lanh gia quanh nam. Dong thoi nguoi tien su an ca va chim. Thu rung Guanacos ma toi thay khi di o Porto Madryn o Angentina khi du thuyen ghe lai day va chung toi di qua xa mac ma thu Guanacos chay day duong.Xung quanh can choi hay huts cua nguoi tien su nay day xuong thu rung Guanacos.Nguoi tien su nay thuong o tran truong khong mac quan ao va de toc dai nhu dan ba. Nguoi tien su song o Onashaga ma bay gio goi la Beagle Channel noi la eo bien ngan cach giua Argentina va Chile. Ho dung du thu nhu go va kim loai de lam vu khi de san ca va thu rung. Ho dung dung cu che ra de cat thit va lam mem da thu.. de lay vo cay de lam do mac. Ho cung dung da, xuong ca lon lay tai bo bien de lam vu khi hay dung cu xu dung hang ngay. Xuong ca voi hay thu rung thuong duoc tim thay noi choi hay huts ma ho sinh song. Tuy nhien do dung nhu do chua thuc pham hay do dung quan ao lam bang vo cay khong duoc tim thay vi de mut vo. Toi va Thy duoc co hoi di vao khu rung ma ngay xua dan tien su da sinh song va di tren bo bien ma nguoi tien su san ca voi hay seals de sinh song. Den cuoi the ky 19^th nguoi tien su hay Yagans trai qua thoi gian thay doi van hoa va doi cho cu ngu khi nguoi tay Phuong den. Doi song va van hoa co truyen cua ho bi anh huong va thay doi bang nhung su an uong va an mac khac di cung nhu tieng noi cua ho.Ngay nay nguoi Yagans song sot o vung Paiakoata thuoc Ushuaia va Bahia Mejiltones tuoc Chile. Cach day khoang 6,500 nam doi song cua nguoi tien su o Onashaga hay Beagle channel bat dau dung thuyen de di chuyen doc theo channels de chua do dung cua ho va de san ca. Noi cu ngu cua ho con luu lai nhung di san nay cho den khi nguoi Tay Phuong den. Cach day 10,200 nam nguoi tien su dau tien den day o Tierro del Fuego island o day khong nhu ngay nay vi thap hon. Ho di chuyen quang vung de san ban. O vungArroyos rockshelter phia bac cua Tierro del Fuego thuoc Chile con lai di tich cua nguoi tien su nay nhu dung stone de lam vu khi de san ban. Noi xe taxi ngung la de du khach xem la bo ho Laco Acigami.

Sau do chung toi di den vung Bahia Lapataia cua National park nay roi tro ve thuyen. Chung toi di bo quanh thanh pho truoc khi tro lai thuyen. Hom nay lai co du thuyen National Geographic Explorer lan dau tien ma toi gap. Da cap ben gan du thuyen cua chung toi. O Ushuaia co rat nhieu thuyen nho de di xem Penguins tours khoang 5 tieng voi gia $50 va nhieu du thuyen nho khacchua khoang 200 nguoi de di Antartica Experditions.

Chung toi len du thuyen an toi roi tro lai pho de xem pho ve dem. Mac dau troi da toi 8pm ma troi hay con sang. Toi di doc theo bo bien den gan tan cung roi tro lai. Ben bo bien co nhieu chim san moi can bo bien rat dep. Di tren bo bien toi moi thay co nhieu tours di ra cac dao gan de xem penguins voi gia la $50 cho 5 tieng di xem. Toi hoi vai noi thi ho noi da het cho cho ngay mai. Toi nghi de hom sau tim vai cho nua de di xem hy vong con cho. Den 11;30pm toi moi tro lai thuyen luc bay gio troi gio rat lang ma toi chua tung cam thay lanh nhu luc nay vi gio thoi manh. Toi ve thuyen tre vi loi dung thuyen o lai Ushuaia overnight nen toi muon thuong thuc ban dem o vung dat cung cung cua trai dat.

12-29-23 Ushuaia, Argentina Ngay thu 2 tai day.

Toi hom qua ngu tre khoang 12am nen sang nay toi thuc tre luc 8am. Toi an sang va bat dau xuong thuyen cung voi ba Maria muon di chung vi ong chong Don nguoi Canada da bi binh. Ba muon di chung voi chung toi de xem penguin bang tour sang nay. Chung toi di den cac booths o ports de tim tour di xem penguin nhung khong con cho nao trong vi ho da book het hom qua. Vi the chung toi den tram xe bus de di xe bus chay vong quanh thanh pho Ushuaia khong lon lam. Xe bus chay ve huong Tay den cac khu du cu ngheo nang cua thanh pho nay. Roi den canh bo rung truoc khi tro lai port. Ba Maria xuong ve voi chong con toi va Thy tiep tuc di tiep khi xe bus chay ve phia dong cua Ushuaia. Xe bus chay den tram cuoi cung la cua vao National park Tierra del Fuego. Xe bus ngung lai tram nen chung toi xuong chup hinh va di den tram xe bus gan do de don xe bus khac bat dau khoi hanh di tro ve thnah pho Ushuaia. Toi xuong tram gan Port va di bo tren pho den den Museum ma toi dinh coi hom qua nhung chua co co hoi. Museum nay truoc kia la nha tu giam giu cac tu nhan tu cac noi o Argentina vi day la vung dat biet lap.

Toi vao mua ve voi gia 14,000 / nguoi. Day la Ushuaia Jail and Military Prison hay carcel de Ushuaia y Presidio Militar. Lich su prison nay: Vao 1-1896 nhom tu nhan gom 14 nguoi den bang Navy ship ten !st de Mayo. Nhung tu nhan nay bi giam tam thoi o Wooden and Tin huts voi y nghia la de huan luyen tu nhan nay roi thi 11 dan ong va 9 dan ba tinhnguyen vao o chung ma ho la cuu tu nhan. Con Military Prison o Isla de los estados duoc mo o San Juan de Salvamento va sau do o Puerto Cook. Thang 12 , 1902 duoc doi den Usguaia la Puerto Golondrina phia Tay cua Ushuaia. Nam 1911tong thong Argentina ky sac lenh gom chung 2 trai tu Military va the jail of Ushuaia voi nhau. Viec xay trai tu nay bat dau 1902 o phia dong cua Ushuaia luc bay gio co khoang 40 can nha o day. Trai tu nay giam giu ca toi pham tiep tuc den 1920. Luc dau la xay trai tu cho 580 tu nhan tai Lapataia trong 2,500 acres dat gan bien gioi Chile.

Co nhieu toi pham kho sai chung than hay dai han deu bi giam o day. Toi pham duoc dung de lam viec tra luong it. Ho lam duong, xqay cau. Toi pham duoc dung de xay duong ray xe lua chay tu Ushuaia dai 25km la duong ray xe lua chay doc theo Maipu street to Monte Suana den National Park duoc dung den ngay nay. Nam 1947 tong thong Argentina ra linh dong trai tu va doi thanh Navy base nam 1950.

Noi day co historic Museum. Museum nay noi ve nguoi tien su o Ushuaia cua nguoi Yamanas khi nguoi Auchau den ho khong con tran truong nua nhung an mac tho so. Ho tam bang nuoc mua hay nuoc bien va phoi minh gan lua de klam kho. Ho o trong nhung can choi lam bang canh cay, than cay hay o trong hang duoc bao phu boi vo cay hay da cua sea lion. Co khoang 3,000 Yamanas song o day Ushuaia trong thoi gian 1800s. Nam 1884 so nguoi la 1,000 . Nam 1886 binh blue va measle lam 397 nguoi di noi khac. Nam 1797 con lai chi co 110 nguoi Yamanas. Khi nguoi Au Chau den ho thay nguoi tien su o day tran truong trong gia lanh ho rat ngac nhien. Thinh thoang nguoi Yamanas dung Sea Lion de che cho kinh. Khi nguoi AuChau den ho gop tien de mua quan ao cho nguoi Yamanas nhung co su binh hoan tao nen su tuyet chung nguoi Yamanas. Dan ba cao4.8 con dan ong cao trung binh 1.58ft. Chan ho ngan va tay thi dai so voi nguoi AuChau. Co nhung du khach den day nam 1774 dien ta nguoi Yamanas ngu dan. Co nguoi cho rang dan yamanas la subhuman without spirit life de roi ho mang su chet cho ho. Chinh vi the ma khi gap nguoi AuChau ho chong doi dung vu luc den do mau. Dan ba thuong co nhiem vu cheo thuyen con dan ong thi san san san Sea Lion khi gap de lay da va thit.

Truoc vien bao tang co trung bai chiec thuyen bang go cua gia dinh Beban mua nam 1913 va dung de di trong Beagan channel.

Tu day toi di bo ve thuyen de thuyen khoi hanh luc 4:30pm.

12-30-23 Saturday; Drake Passage

Hom nay du thuyen co 2 buoi thuyen trinh luc 9:30am ve de tai a short history of Antarctica Experdition va 11am ve de tai The Soutern Ocean by Dr. Norman lasca.

Drake Passage kham pha boi mot nguoi Anh la Francis Drake nam 1578. Drake passage la vung nuoc nam giua diem tan cung cua trai dat Cape Horn va Shetland Islands cua Antarctica. No noi lien giau Atlantic ocean , Pacific ocean va Southern Ocean. Drake passage rong 500miles tu Cape Horn den Livingston island va la khoang ngan nhat tu Antarctica den the gioi nay. Ngay xua thuyen thuong di tu Atlantic den Pacific va nguoc lai bang Trait Of Magallen , tuy nhien strait Of Magallen nho hep thuyen buon qua nguy hiem khi gio lon nen ho thich di quan Drake Passge nay.

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