1-18-2024 Fakland Islands 2nd time

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Patagonia, Argentina

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1-17-24 At Sea

De tai ve Antarctica. Antarctica bao vay boi cac bien. Phai trai cua Antartica Penesuala la Bellingshausen sea. Ben phai la Weddell Sea. Phia Bac la Indian Sea. Phia Dong Nam la Pacific Ocean. Phia Tay Nam la Ross Sea. Phia Tay la Amundsen Sea. Sang nay luc 8am Du thuyen cach Buernos Aires la 32 ,207 NM, cach Ushuaia la 1,286 nm, Cach port Stanley cua dao Falkland sap den ngay mai la 332 nm. Tu Falkland den Buernos Aires la 1,429 nm.

Antarctica la luc dia lanh nhat, gio manh nhat, kho nhat va cao nhat. O bo bien Weddell sea o Antarctic o Penesuala cao khoang 200m vao trong thi co tuyet bao phu nui. Khi den South Pole thi tuyet phu cao hon nen lanh hon. O South Pole cao khoang 3,000m tren mat nuoc bien roi tu tu thap xuong den rang nui Tranantarctic Mountains cao khoang 3,400m. Ngon nui cao nhat Antarctic la Mt Vinson cao 5,000m hay 16,000ft. Ice cua toan luc dia Antarctic co khoang 28,000,000 Cubic km hay 7,000,000 cubic miles va ice cover 98% Antarctica va chiem 90% cua toan the ice cua the gioi va neu ice nay chay rathi co 68% nuoc ngot cua the gioi. Trung binh do day cua ice la 2,300m hay 7,500ft. Neu toan the ice o Antarctica chay ra thi nuoc bien dang len den 60m hay 200ft nhung viec nay kho co xay ra. Nhung neu chi co 1% ice o day chay ra thi muc nuoc bien dang len .6m hay 2 ft tuy nhien se lam 150m nguoi homeless. Vao nhung nam 1950 cac nuoc tranh gianh quyen loi o Antarctica ma Uc la chiem nhieu nhat va Phap chiem it nhat trong so 8 nuoc tranh gianh gom co Phap, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, United Kingdom, Norway, Australia con lai khoang 20% la khong ai tranh danh. Cac nuoc nay lam ra cac con temps noi ve Nam Cuc. Luc bay gio co 16 bases o Antarctica Pennisuala. 24 bases o doc theobo bien cua Nam cuc va 3 bases nam ben trong, 1 base o Nam cuc.Do la vao nam 1957-1958. Antarctica Treaty duoc ky nam 1959 boi 12 quoc gia. Hien tai co 53 quoc gia tham gia va hoat dong khoa hoc va khong co hoat dong quan su. Khong co danh quyen loi dat dai. Den nam 1991 co 53 quoc gia tham du trong do co Hoa Ky va khong co Mineral exploration ma chi co Tourist. Khong ai lam chu Antarctica ma chi co cac stations cua cac quoc gia nguyen cuu ve khoa hoc va cac du thuyen cho du khach tham vieng, hay lam film, hay experdition, tham hiem. Moi nam sea ice giam dan va nam 2023 la thap nhat.

Iceberg o dinh cua Antarctica Pennisuala lon 3,900km2, lon hon thanh pho London la 1,500km2, trong khi Hawaii 10,400km2va Cyprus 9,300km2. Con ve du khach vieng tham Antarctica thi experdition Cruise la thuyen cho du khach landing in Anatrctica la dong nhat , nam 1965,1966 co khoang vai tram nguoi ma 2017,2018 len den tren 35,000 nguoi. Trong khi land based di bang air bat dau vao giua nam 1996 khoang vai nguoi va den 2018 chi len den vai tram nguoi. Con cruise ship dua du khach den bat dau nam 1999 chi vai tram nguoi nhung den 2018,19 len den khoang 12,000 nguoi nhung nhieu nhat nam 2009,2010 len den 15,000 nguoi roi sut giam xuong nam 2012,2023 con khoang 5,000 nguoi nhung sau do len lai. Con du khach di bang cruise va air bat dau nam 2005,2006 vai tram nguoi va den 2018,2019 len den khoang 4,000 nguoi. Gan day 2019,2020 du khach len den 74,401 nguoi. Va 2022,2023 len den 100,000 nguoi trong do du khach tu Hoa Ky chiem 32%, tu cac quoc gia khac cong lai la 18%, China chiem 15%, Australia chiem 12%, United Kingdom chiem 8%, Germany chiem 6%, Canada chiem 5%, France chiem 4%. Nhu chuyen du thuyen nay dang di co khoang 300du khach tu China, o huong dan vien nguoi Hong Kong. Co mot so Chinese den tu Taiwan. Toi hoi nguoi huong dan vien nguoi Hong Kong thi anh ta noi anh ta quang cao o China de di du thuyen nay. Cac nguoi Chinese tu Taiwan van noichuyen voi Chinese den tu china. Anh ta noi rang truoc ngay anh chang Chinese dung len chong doi chanh quyen China chiem dong Hong Kong thi Hong Kong tu tu xuong doc va den nay Hong Kong nhu da chet. Kinh te xuong doc tuy nhien co hon 50% nguoiHong Kong van con song tren lanh tho Hong Kong mac dau da so nguoi giau co di ra khoi Hong kong nhu anh ta di den song lai Greece va anh taco 2 quoc tich Greece na China. Hom qua toi gap ba nguoi Austria khoang 75 tuoi di mot minh. Roi ngoi chung ban voi ba va anh chang den tu Washington State cung di mot minh. Ba nay da di hon 70 ngay ngao du va chuyen nay la chuyen cuoi truoc khi ve lai Austria.

Hom nay luc 12pm co Dr. Craig ra ngoai lau 7 de huong dan moi nguoi xem chim nhung troi hom nay suong mu day dac khong thay gi het nen huy bo. Ve chim thi co chim Grey headed Albatross la chim bay nhanh nhat co the bay den 77.05 mph hay 124 kmph. Chim nay an squid va lampreys. Chim Wandering Albotross wingspan den 3.7m hay 12’2” va bay den 120,000km hay 75,000 miles a year. Di doan duong dai 45,343km. Loai chim khac la Black-Browned Albatross canh mau den dau cung mau den. Black Browne Albatross la loai chim 67% decline in population in last 64 years. La loai chim nhieu nhat. Loai chim nay an ca, Squid va krill. Light mantled Albatross solitary nestingon cliffs.

Co 17 loai Penguins song rai rac khap noi nhung chi o Nam Ban cau ma thoi. Tuy nhien chi co vai mot vai loai Penguins song o Antarctica vi troi lanh trong do co Emperor penguins loai lon nhat la song trong gia buoc cua mien Nam Cuc. Ngoai Emperor penguins con co King Penguins,cao den 3ft hay gan 1m. Gentoo Penguins, with red-orange peaks, va peach colered feet va la loai penguin boi nhanh nhat trong cac loai chim hay ca. Magellanic Penguins, Marconroni penguins.Rockhopper penguins voi long dau mau yellow va den. Emperor Penguins nang den 40kg va cao khoang 100cm. Penguins song thanh tung nhom goi la colony. O Antarctica co khoang 40 Penguins colonies va tong so Emperor Penguins khoang 400,000 con. Vao nua he khoang tu thang 11 den thang 2 Penguins boi trong bien tim thuc an. Penguins an tep(Krill), Squid,fish. Penguins khong the bay nhung la boi rat gioi va nhanh va duoc goi la Bullet in the water. Penguins co the lan den sau 460m va co the nin hoi khoang 40 phut. Vao thang 3 Penguin nhay ra khoi nuoc di tim nguoi tinh o cac Colony de de trung sanh con. Penguins phai di hang chuc cay so voi mot y muon duy nhat de tim noi chac chan de tim mate tai cac colony. Penguins di bo bang 2 chan ngan va khi met Penguins truoc tren nguc. Khi tim thay nguoi tinh vua y. Penguins duc va cai di vong tron va ca bai ca dac biec de nguoi tinh nho va sau nay nhan ra. Sau khi de trung vao mua dong. Penguin cai can than de trung vao cai Pound o duoi bung minh de lam am trung. Sau do Penguin cai trao trung cho Penguins duc ma khong de trung cham tuyet so lanh lam hu coi nho ben trong.Neu truong hop nao do trung vo thi tinh nghia giua penguin duc va I cai se tan vo. Penguin duc ap trung khoang 2 thang. Trong khi do Penguin cai phai di bo hang chuc cay so moi toi bien de loi xuong nuoc kiem an khi ma penguin cai mat di khoang ½ trong luong cua minh trong thoi ky de trung.. Nhieu Penguin cai khong chui noi chet doc duong.Trong thoi gian sinh no Penguin cai khong an gi nen mat khoang 1/2 suc nang cua no. Penguin cai o duoi bien kiem an vai thang mua dong.Trong khi Penguin cai xuong bien kiem an thi Pengiun duc ap trung trong 2 thang lanh gia cua mua dong. Con duc o nha lo ap trung khoang nhung thang mua dong thang 5 den 8. Nhieu Penguins duc tu hop nhau tao thanh moi khoi de do lanh va nhung Penguins nay phai di chuyen de mau luu thong neu khong se chet. Va dieu tuyet voi la nhung chu Penguins nay co y thuc duoc su cong bang trong tap the la tu dong thay phien nhau luc dung ngoai lanh hon va luc thi dung ben trong nhieu hoi am. Do la su cong bang cua tao hoa ma con nguoi nen ton trong. Mua dong lanh gia lam Penguins co cuoc song kho khan boi gio lanh den 200km/gio va nhiet do xuong toi -50C/-58F. Penguins phai dung nhung gi ma Troi tao cho Penguins do lam am minh. Do la: Penguin dieu khien nhiet do bang su thay doi su luu thong cua mau trong than the. Trung tam than the nhiet do am con ben ngoai gan da thi nhiet do lanh vi tiep xuc voi ben ngoai. Penguins tiep tuc thay doi mau ben trong ra ben ngoai roi ben ngoai vao ben trong goi la Blood exchange de lam toan than duoc am duoi su gia ret ben ngoai. Penguins dung Phuong phat thu 2 de giu am la Penguins tu tiec ra chat dau tu da. Chat dau nay se lam long khong tham nuoc de chong lanh. Lop khong khi giua lop dau va da se giu cho Penguins bot lanh. Ngoai ra lop mo day cua Penguins giup cho Penguins am hon. Tat ca viec lam nay la de bao ve trung vo cho trung no. neu Penguins de trung lanh thi trung se hu. Roi sau 2 thang khoang thang 6,7 Penguins cai sau 3 thang kiem an o bien trai qua hang chuc cay so tro ve den Colony noi ma Penguins cai tu gia Penguins duc va trung cua no de di kiem an. Gio Penguins cai tro ve den Colony cua tim lai nguoi tinh bang cach cat len giong noi cua minh va penguins duc nhan ra nguoi tinh minh bang giong noi do. Luc nay da so trung da no va Penguins con ra doi. Gia dinh doan tu lan dau tien. Penguins duc tuc thi trao Penguins con cho me no de di xuong bien kiem an vi Penguins duc da khong an uong gi hon 3 thang ap trung va phai nha thuc an danh dum duoc trong 2 thang o duoi bien de nuoi con. Penguins con co gang nho giong noi cua cha minh de khi cha tro ve la dip Penguins con nhan thuc an tu cha. penguins duc va cai thay phien kiem an de mang ve cho con. Khi Penguins con duoc 1 thang no tu tu di ra ngoai cai tui cua me. Khi chung lon mot chut Penguins con hop voi nhung Penguins con khac tao thanh mot nhom va duoc su nuoi duong cua cha me va cha me va penguins con nhan ra bang tieng noi cua nhau. Khi penguins con duoc 5 thang cung la mua de den thang 11,12 Penguins con phai tu dong kiem an lay . roi thi lan dau tien phai lang xuong bien kiem an. Tuy nhien co nhung Penguins con khong the song vi su doi khac va lanh gia ngoai ra co bi an boi cai chim lon. Neu Penguins con nay co the song con nam dau tien chung se song den khi truong thanh roi den khi duoc 5 tuoi chung bat dau tim cho minh nguoi tinh va de trung sanh con nhu Me.

Hom nay luc 3pm co thuyet trinh ve de tai Climate change and fate of Antarctica noi ve khi hau o day. O Antarctica co Roosevelt Island nam o phia Tay Nam Antarctica gan bien Ros sea. Tuyet thi bi de nen xuong nen khong khi thoi xa xua ca 800,000 nam duoc giu lai o dai sau. Khi Co2 va Ch4 duoc bat dau kham Nghiem tu nam 1950s tu do nguoi ta moi thay su lien he giua khi hau o Nam Cuc toi nhiet do toan cau. Antarctica va Arctic thi am nhanh gap 2 lan nhung noi khac tren the gioi va polar oceans cung vay.Khi hau tang tu .5C toi 3.6C con Ocean nhiet do tang tu 5C toi 1.45C.

1-18-24 Stanley, Falkland Islands 6am to 3pm, 55f, sunrise 5:01am, sunset 9:01pm

Duthuyen den day lan thu 2 trong 2 tuan. Lan dau toi di den Gypsy Cove Penguin Colony by taxi $110. Lan nay toi xuong thuyen luc 8am va di xe bus den Gypsy Cove Penguin $20/nguoi. Nguoi tai xe la co me la nguoi Phi Luat Tan noi rang anh ta sanh tai dao nay va la nguoi Anh co quyen bau cu o nuoc Anh. O day ky nghe lon nhat la danh ca Squit roi xuat cang qua nuoc khac. Ky nghe lon thu hai la du lich, thu ba la nuoi cuu. Anh ta lam nghe danh ca voi cong ty o dao nay va thang nay anh ta lai xe dua khach di. Anh ta hoc 3 nam dai oc tao Anh mien phi ngay ca nha o. O day khongco Dai hoc muon hoc Dai Hoc phai qua Anh. O day khong co nan that nghiep va dan so it chi 3,000 nguoi. Vao mua dong khong co du khach . du khach den day tu thnag 12 den thang 3 la het. Thang nay gan nhu moi ngay deu co du thuyen vao va dan o day ho viet ngay gio du thuyen vao. Ngay ca Expedition ship cung den day.

Toi den port khoang 8AM.Toi mua ve xe bus va cho chuyen dau tien luc 8:30am de di den Penguin colony. Con 30’ nua moi di nen toi di bo den Cemetery cach do khoang 10’ di bo. Tren duong di toi di qua Stanley Harbor. Stanley Horbor truoc kia la Port Jackson dac ten theo ten cua tong thong my Andrew Jackson cua My 1829-1837. Con Stanley thi duoc dat ten boi Thong DocMoody nam 1844 in honour cua Edward Stanley, Secretary of State forClonies. I 1800s. Harbor co 16 shipwresks. Sau do toi di den Stanley Cemetery. Noi day co mo cua cac chien si tu tran tran the chien WW1. Sau do toi tro ve port de di bus den Gypsy Penguin Colony cach port khoang 20’ lai xe. Noi day khac voi cho ma toi di 2 tuan truoc. O day du khach co the thay birds, marine mammals, penguins, upland goose, meadowlark, Meadowlark, night heron, rock shags,,…O day co Magellanic Penguins, Peale’s Dolphins, Meadowlard, Upland Geese. Noi day cach port Stanley 6.8km. Toi di xuong bai bien va di bo khoang 30’ den King Penguin colony. Tren duong di toi thay co nhieu vo so dep, xuong penguins, va xuong ca voi nen toi nhac vai cai ve lam ky niem. Den Penguin colony co nhieu du khach dang o do de xem. Penguins o day nhieu hon lan truoc toi thay. Sau do toi di doc theo bai bien tro ve tram xe bus de di ve port vi gan den gio len du thuyen. Nhu lan truoc mot hang dai du khach cho xuong thuyen nen mac dau han chot la 3pm nhung phai den 5 gio moi nguoi moi xuong thuyen duoc va du thuyen moi bat dau roi ben ve lai Buernos Aires.

1-19-24 At Sea Atlantic Ocean. 795NM to Buenos Aires from 6:50am.It needs 2 days to reach Buenos Aires.

Antarctica history: Ban do dau tien cua Antarctica co vao khoangtruoc 1744 vao thoi ky cua Captain Cook. Captain Cook noi rang ong ta cross the Antarctic circle . He saw Iceberg and reached 71.10’ South. Sau do la George Vancouver va Anders Sparrman Botanist. Nam 1819 Spanish ship San Telmo remains washed up on South Islands. Nam 1826 co Englisman Edward Bransfield, Russian Fabian Gottfield Von Bellingshauten va American Nathniel Palmer.Hien gio co Palmer station in West Antarctica mang ten Palmer.. Nam 1820 co Russian Fabian Gottieb Von Bellingshausen. Human bones found on beach of South Shetland island 1985, female about 21, from tip of Antarctica from 1819 to 1825 co the tu San Telmo when wrecked 1819 hay tu Palmer’s ship in 1821-22 hay tu Branfield’s ship hay tu Captive to sealers. Vao 1830-40 co Frenchman Judes Dumont d’Urville. Nam 1840 co US Navy Wikes and he claims that he named Antarctica. However, the fist most likely landing on 7-2-1821 is American sealer, Captain John Davis. Nuoithu 2 la Mercator Cooper landing on 26-1-1853.

Sang nay luc 11am co lecture ve de tai Life in Antarctica boi Ben nguoi tung song 1 nam ruoi o South Gorgia Island. Cach Falkland island 650miles. Ong lam cho BBC Earth. Noi day lanh quanh nam. Vao mua he het tuyet thi chim bay den rat dong.



1-20-24 at Sea

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