The boys and I went in search of Craigmillar Castle's ruins (off the main tourist path, but only a short bus ride from the city center). This castle's L-shaped tower dates from 1374, and in 1427 its defenses were strengthened with the curtain wall you see in the photo. It has corner towers, gunports, projecting parapets, walls up to 13 ft thick in certain places, a courtyard and gardens. It is remarkably well preserved and therefore it's easy to imagine how hard daily life must have been-- and these are the wealthy folks! It was the most strongly fortified castle outside the city, when Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587) took refuge here in 1566 after David Rizzio, her Italian "secretary" was murdered at Holyrood. After the Jacobite defeat in 1745, the castle was abandoned by its
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