2019-8 Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Hakodate

8-26-2019 Hakodate, Japan

Co 264 ,000 dan song tren 677km2 nhu vay mat do la 412 nguoi /km2 hon Viet Nam. Nam trong dao Hokkaido. Day la port dau tien duoc thanh lap o Nhat nam 1854 de giao thuong. Hakodate khong bi tan pha trong WW2. Co 3 song chay qua day. Co 2 university o day la Hakodate University va Hakodate University of Education.

Tu Hakodate nam ten dao Hokkaido co duong ham dai nhat the gioi dai 54km chay tu port Hakodate den dao mien nam nuoc Nhat la dao Hontsu. Day la duong ham dai nhat the gioi.

Tsugaru fort duoc dung trong WW2 nam tren dinh nui Hakodate. Morning market. O day co festival goi la Port festival xay ra vao dau thang 8 va keo dai 6 ngay dac biet la squid dance. Hokadate museum trung bay ve dan o mien bac o dao Sakhalin bay gio thuoc ve Nga.

Du thuyen den Port Hakodate luc 8Am va du khach xuong thuyen luc 9AM. Co xe bus dua den bus station. Tu day toi di bo den Morning market ke ben. Morning market rat lon va ban du thu do. Toi vao noi co bon ca flying squid. Noi day du khach co the dung can cau cau ca trong bon lon day flying squids. Khi duoc squid nguoi ban ca de tren ban roi lam squid cat tu mieng nho de vao dia cho du khach an. Lan dau tien toi gap truong hop nay va cau thu va duoc 1 con mut va sau do ho cat vao dia va toi an. Vi la mut nen rat dai, an khong co gi dac biet nhung la.

Sau do toi di quang morning market nay roi di den Hakodate mountain. Co duong di bo len mat 1 hr nhung toi di bang cable car mat 10’. Den dinh nui co nhung toa nha cao co nhieu tang de du khach leo len moi tang ma nhin xuong thanh pho nam giua 2 bo bien rat dep.

Khoang 1 tieng sau toi di xuong va di xe tram den Goryokaku tower roi di den Goryokaku Park co nhieu cay canh duoc nguoi Nhat xay dung rat dep. Tu day toi len xe tram di den Hot Springs ma toi tung mong muon di den khi o Tokyo nhung khong co thi gio. Day la co hoi. Toi den khach san noi co Hot Spring ben canh. Gia vao la $12. Vao cua bao lau cung duoc den 9Pm ho dong cua. Lan dau tien den hot spring nen khong biet chi nhieu. O day co nhieu phu nu vao tam cung rta nhieu dan ong. Nhung dan png va phu nu tam rieng co bon tam ben trong va ngoai troi. Truoc khi vao co do de het vao locker roi vao buon tam cong cong roi ai cung tran truong vao tam ngoi sach se moi vao hot Spring. Toi chon hot spring ngoai troi. Nuoc hot spring nay tu long dat duoc bump len chay vao ho khong rong lam. Nguoi tam chi ngam minh vao ho cho den bao lau tuy y. Toi chi muon thu hot spring the nao ma thoi vi khong co thi gio nen toi chi o do khoang 10’ roi ra tam lai va di ve bus station de ve thuyen.

8Pm thi thuyen bat dau roi ben de di ve Yokohama va phai di 2 ngay moi den noi trong khi neu di bullet train thi chi mat 4 tieng.

8-27-2019 At sea.

Hom nay co bai thuyen trinh ve de tai ton giao cua nguoi Nhat.

O Nhat co 2 ton giao chinh la Phat giao va Shinto. Phat giao thi coi chua Temples con Shinto thi co Shrines va Shrines chi co o Nhat ma thoi. Shinto den voi nguoi Nhat truoc dao Phat. Shinto khoi thuy tu Nhat tu 2,000 nam truoc con dao Phat den Nhat tu Tau khoang 1,600 nam truoc. Tu si dao Phat mac ao ca sa cao dau con tu si Shinto khong cao dau doi mu va mat ao choang trang. Doi voi nguoi NHat danh du gia dinh va ca nhan la quan trong theo ly thuyet cua Khong Tu. O Nhat chua, Shrines, va Altars thi khap moi noi tuy nhien doi voi nguoi Nhat ton giao khong quan trong. Do khong la nen tang cua dao duc ma nen tang dao duc gia dinh, su trung thanh la quan trong va culture la quan trong. Dao duc cua nguoi NHat dac tren nen tang danh du gia dinh. 40% nguoi Nhat coi nhu minh khong co ton giao nhung 80% nguoi Nhat ton kinh to tien nen ho hay di den Shines de cung.

Shinto co nhieu Gods va co nhieu Shrines tho cung Gods khac nhau tuy vung. Shinto khong co sach vo hay kinh sach, khong co nguoi sang tao, khong doi hoi cung kien thuong xuyen ma tu tam long minh. God quan trong nhat la Sun God. Moi Shrines duoc xay lai moi 20 years.Nhu Isle Jingu Shrine rebuilt 62 lan ma lan cuoi nam 2013 va ho xay giong y nhu temple truoc. Nhu shrine Shogun Tokogawa o thanh pho Niko gan Tokyo, tho military general Shogun Tokogawa. Truoc khi ong ta chet ong ta nghi rang ong ta se tro thanh God nen ong ta xay cai Shrine nay de khi ong chet ong duoc tho cung noi day va Shine nay duoc xay tren 200 nam.

Yusukuni Shrines tho cung nhung nhung chet vi chien tranh trong WW2 va truoc kia, co khoang 40,000 nguoi ma trong do 12,000 nguoi la war creminals va tat ca tro thanh hay coi nhu la Gods va duoc tho cung noi day. Moi Shrines deu co gate goi la Torii. Truoc khi vao Shrine phai ruoc tay.

Khi vao Shrine nguoi ta truoc het di vao cong goi la Torii gate, nguoi Nhat bow 1 lan truoc main hall. Sau do di qua Torii gate. Sau do di ve phia trai hoac phai cho khong di o giua. Nguoi Nhat rua sach minh tai Chozuya hay con goi la Temizuya. Ho rua sach tay va mieng bang cach lay gao hay Ladle bang tay phai de lay nuoc, roi do vao tay trai de rua tay trai. Sau do cam Ladle bang tay trai muc nuoc de do vao tay phai de rua tay phai. Sau do tay phai can Ladle mut nuoc do vao tay trai de rua mat bang nuoc o tay trai. Sau khi rua tay trai nguoi Nhat de Ladle thang dung de nuoc ra het Ladle roi de Ladle lai cho cu. Rua tay va mat xong ho di den truoc hall va bow thap mot chut va ring cai bell sau do bo tien vao box va cau nguyen theo Shinto Bowing va vo tay theo Nirei Nihakushu Ichirei ( Two bows, two claps, one bow). Ho vo tay de duoc God chu y den: Ho cuoi minh xuong roi dung thang, sau do cuoi minh lan nua roi dung thang vo tay 2 lan roi cuoi minh lan nua. Cham dut su tho cung o Shrine.

Con o tremple tho Phat, truoc den tho Phat co Sanmon gate ho chap tay lay o main hall va lay ma khong Clapping. Khi roi temple ho lay lan nua.

Nhung nguoi lam viec trong Shrine khong la Priest ma la Miko nguoi phu giup trong Shrine. Co 20,000 Miko va 10% la con gai.

Sumo cung la ton giao phap xuat tu Shrine perform nhu la act of God. Shinto va Sumo dac thu cua nguoi Nhat va khong the xuat cang nhu sushi. Ngay nay Sumo coi nhu mon the thao nhung moi noi to chuc dau Sumo deu co xay roof nhu roof cua Shino shrine. Reffuree cung mac do nhu Shinto Priest. Ngoai 2 ton giao chinh nuoc Nhat con co cac ton giao nho khac nhu Itaho ten cua ba Itaho. Ba ta noi la co the noi chuyen voi nguoi chet. Ba ta co chong la nguoi ben kia coi chet. Neu nguoi nao muon noi chuyen voi ai tu ben kia the gioi thi lai noi chuyen voi ba va ba se nho nguoi chong ben kia the gioi di tim va mang ve se noi chuyen voi nguoi do.

Con dao Phat thi khong co God ma chi co teaching ve tu bi. Nguoi Nhat theo dao Phat Zen tu China hay Japanese Zen.

Whaling in Japan: Thuyet trinh boi luat su nguoi My

Thoi xua khoang the ky 19 nguoi Nhat tho ca voi khi ca voi chet, lam mo cho ca voi hay den tho ca voi. Co 54 ngoi mo ca voi tren khap nuoc Nhat ma xua nhat bat dau tu nam 1671. O thanh pho Taiji ho lam service khi ca voi chet nhu la de ta loi. Mac dau vay ho co thoi quen san ca voi bat dau tu the ky 17. Khong nhu nguoi Eskimo san ca voi bang cach dam ca voi roi de chat no vao cho ca voi chet sau do dung thuyen may keo ca voi vao bo. Con nguoi Nhat ho dung luoi lua ca voi vao bo roi giet bang cach dung chat no de giet ca voi. Vao nhung nam 1920 va 30s ho lam thit ca voi ngay tren thuyen vi thay san ca voi tro nen pho bien rong. Tu nam 1900 den 2015 cac nuoc The gioi bat duoc 3 trieu ca voi trong do co 876,000 ca voi Fin, 759,000 loai Sperm, 380,000 loai Blue, 316,000 loai Minke, 287,000 loai Sel, 251,000 loai Humpback, 184,000 loai Belugas, 136,000 loai Pilot, 50,000 loai Narwhas, 1,000 loai Baird’s Beaked, 7,000 loai Bottlenose Whales, 5,000 loai Bowhead, 30,000 loai Bryde’s, 12,000 loai Gray, 4,000 Orca, 6,000 loai Right Whales va 21,000 ca voi ma nguoi bat ca voi khong ghi lai loai nao.

Nam 1937 international whaling commission(IWC) ra doi de quy ding ciec san ca voi choc ac quoc gia tren the gioi cho den nam 1946 moi co to chuc han hoi. Muc dich cua hoi la de Phuong phap duy tri va bao ve ca voi. Cho den nam 1951 nuoc Nhat gia nhap to chuc nay. Thu nam 1900 the gioi moi bat dau san ca voi cho den nhung nam 1950s,1960s ky nghe san ca voi cao nhat ma nuoc san ca voi nhieu nhat la Anh, ke tiep la Norway, Russia, Nhat. Khi IWC ra doi this u san ban ca voi giam di tu cuic diem cua nam 1950s, 1960s khoang 700,000 ca voi bi san moi nam con lai khoang 10,000 ca voi bi san nhung nam gan day tu 1940s den nay. Hien nay co 2 nuoc tren the gioi cam san ca voi la Hoa Ky va Uc Dai loi.

Nam 1972 the gioi keu goi su dao du trong viec san ca voi de roi 1982 IWC chap nhan loi keu goi nay. Khi do Norway va Iceland chong lai. Den nam 1987 Japan chap nhan loi keu goi nay de tranh bi Hoa Ky cam van trong viec san ca voi. Nhat san ca voi nhieu nhat vao nhung nam 1985,1986. Den 1987 sau khi vao IWC Nhat han che san ca voi do do so ca voi duoc san giam rat nhieu.

Mac dau the gioi phan doi viec san ca voi nhung tu 2010 den 2014 Norway bat 2,800 con Minke, South Korea bat 368 con Minke,Japan bat 1,400 con Minke, 490 con Sel, 190 con Bryde. Iceland bat 420 con Fin, 230 con Minke, Canada bat 2,900 conNarwhals, 1,600 con Belugas, Faroes bat 3,700 con Pilot, Grennland bat 1,700 con Narwhals, 1,300 con Belugas, 880 con Minke, Indonesia bat 100 con Sperm, Russia bat 640 con Gray whales, 300 con Belugas St Vincent and Grenadines bat 13 Humpback va Hoa Ky bat '1590 con Belugas va 300 con Bowhead. Nhung hien nay Hoa Ky va Uc cam dan chung khong duoc bat ca voi.

O Nhat whale meat thong dung trong WW2. Den nam 1975 giam chi con 1.7% su dung trong gia dinh. Den 1980 giam gan nhu khong con su dung. Nhung den nam 2005 su dung thit ca voi bat dau tro lai va duoc dung trong truong hoc cho hoc sinh an trua. Nam 2013 so luong dung gap doi o truong hoc.

Den ngay 26-12-2018 Nhat tu bo gia nhat IWC. Viec lam nay giup Japan giam ca trieu dollar cung cap cho hoi.

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