Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam

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Vietnams flagPublished: February 2nd 2010Asia » Vietnam » Red River Delta
February 2nd 2010

When I was traveling abroad, some people asked me "What is your religion?". My answer was "I am non-religious. I believe in myself". While other Vietnamese go to pagodas or temples for praying good luck in doing business, good health for their family or wishing to find a husband, I visit these places to see how old the buildings are, any special architecture, and to take photos. On a recent trip, my Japanese boss smiled and said "I found that you love taking photos" and he pointed at the special roofing of a temple which I was shooting. Sometimes I lost sight of my friends, as they were busy pushing their way through the crowds in order to get to the main altars and do their rituals, while I was somewhere else and paid my attention to taking photos of various things.

Here is my simple definition for pagoda and temple. Pagodas are for worshiping Buddhism and monks lead their religious life there. Temples are for worshiping Gods or national heroes who have been honored as "Saints". In the villages, temples also play the role of communal houses where the general activities take place. As for the Temple of Literature
Paper horses and elephantsPaper horses and elephants
Paper horses and elephants

Paper horses and elephants are sold at Kiếp Bạc temple. Later they will be burned after the rituals.
in Hanoi, which is nearly 1,000 years old, it is a representative of Confucian ways of thought and behavior.

Another festive season is coming soon, so it's time to live up again with the exciting atmosphere of the spring. During the past 2 years, I have been to many pagodas and temples in Hanoi and Bắc Ninh province, some of them are among the oldest pagodas in Vietnam. As you can see in these photos, there are many Vietnamese visiting pagodas and temples from January to March of the lunar calendar, it means right after celebration of our Lunar New Year. The Perfume Pagoda and Yên Tử mountain attract the most pilgrims. Much money is also donated to the pagodas and temples. Some people carry offerings such as chicken, fruits etc. on their heads, using trays. It is fun to see these moving among the crowds. At one of the pagodas, I saw a notice that meat is not allowed to be used as the offering. After the rituals, people can eat the things on the tray, but sometimes they give fruits to the monks. Outside the pagodas and temples, various local products are sold as the offerings or souvenirs. People also can buy letters from calligraphy artists and hang the posters at home, most of the time, they choose the word "Luck" in Chinese.

You may wonder why Vietnamese love to burn something. They believe there is an after-life world, it means when someone dies, they go to another world and there they also need money to spend, food to eat, motorbike/horse/elephant to go, clothes to wear etc. That's why they print votive money in both USD and VND, make hats, clothes, horses, elephants etc from papers, sell them on Hàng Mã street in Hanoi's Old Quarter or street vendors carry them with their baskets and sell to anyone who needs. People often burn these things on the 1st and the 15th day of every lunar month after the rituals (offerings put on the altar with incense sticks burning). During my childhood when Vietnam was very poor, I never saw anyone burning these things. Now that the economy is growing, there seem more people who believe in the mystic things. Others can do business and earn money from making votive stuff. Although this is the issue of beliefs and superstitions, I personally think that it's a waste
Offerings at Kiếp Bạc temple Offerings at Kiếp Bạc temple
Offerings at Kiếp Bạc temple

Everyone smiled when they saw these offerings. A well shaped chicken is placed on sticky rice, along with apple, kumquat, money, incense sticks and two bottles of water.
of papers.

When going further south, I found that pagodas and temples there are not so old like the ones in the north. Their decoration is also more colorful. The biggest pagoda of Vietnam with huge bronze Buddha statues is still under construction in Ninh Bình province (110km south of Hanoi) and it will be completed this October.

My blogs about some pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam:

Bái Đính pagoda under construction

Chùa Hương (the Perfume Pagoda)

The Temple of Literature

The festive season (Mùa lễ hội)

Đền Hùng (the Temple of Kings Hùng)

Some pagodas in Hà Tây province

Một số các khái niệm chung

Chùa (Pagoda) là nơi thờ Phật và cũng là nơi các nhà sư tu hành.

Đền (Temple) là nơi thờ thần thánh, đạo lão và các anh hùng dân tộc.

Văn chỉ (Temple) là khu đất tốt thờ Ðức Khổng Tử.

Ðình (Communal House) là nơi thờ Thành Hoàng làng. Phần lớn là người có công với nước hay là người truyền một nghề nào đó cho dân làng. Đây cũng là trung tâm sinh hoạt văn hoá gắn bó với một cộng đồng cư dân và mang đặc trưng văn minh lúa nước Việt Nam.

Theo trang Việt Báo, đến thế kỷ 18, Việt Nam có khoảng 11.800 làng xã, mỗi làng có một cụm kiến trúc với tôn giáo đình đền chùa với hàng trăm pho tượng và những đồ thờ cúng trang trí khác nhau. Có thể nói thế kỷ 16 - 18 chứng kiến sự phát triển mạnh mẽ của đình làng với những tên đình danh tiếng như: Thổ Hà, Trùng Thượng, Trùng Hà, Tây Đằng, Chu Quyến, Hoàng Sơn... Nhưng do tàn phá của chiến tranh, điều kiện môi trường, thiên nhiên, mưa nắng mà bóng dáng của những ngôi đình cổ truyền thống dần dần mai một.

Xây dựng từ truyền thống kiến trúc châu Á, đình làng được dựng lên bằng những cột lim tròn, to và thẳng tắp. Kèo, xà ngang, xà dọc được làm bằng gỗ lim, tường xây bằng gạch nhưng cũng có khi không xây tường. Mái đình lợp ngói múi hài 4 góc có 4 đầu đao cong vút lên như đuôi chim phượng uốn cong. Sân đình lát gạch, trước đình có hai cột đồng trụ vút cao, trên đình có một con nghê lúc nào cũng nhe răng cười. Gian giữa có hương án thờ vị thần của làng. Chiếc
A calligraphy artist at Và templeA calligraphy artist at Và temple
A calligraphy artist at Và temple

Young people are standing around a calligraphy artist and waiting for their posters with Chinese letters. Later they will hang them up at home.
trống cái được đặt trong đình để vang lên theo nhịp trống ngũ liên thúc giục người dân về đình tụ tập để bàn tính công việc của làng, của nước.

Ngôi đình Việt Nam cổ kính thường cao ráo, thoáng mát, nóc có tượng đôi rồng lượn tranh lấy quả châu, trên các thanh xà ngang là những bức hoành phi câu đối. Nơi thiêng liêng nhất để thờ thần là điện thờ. Thời xưa, đình làng là trụ sở hành chính của chính quyền tựu trung đủ mọi lề thói từ rước xách hội hè, khao vọng quan trên, đón người đỗ đạt, họp việc làng, xử kiện cùng những quy củ nhất định, có sự phân biệt chiếu trên, chiếu dưới. Khi đi ăn cỗ, bậc hương lão, hương lý ngồi giữa đình, thấp hơn ngồi hai bên, dân thường ngồi ngoài sân.

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Hanoi_girl
I am a Hanoi_girl who loves to travel. I work for a Japanese construction company in Hanoi. Over the past few years, I have traveled to 18 countries in Asia and Africa, 58 out of 63 provinces in Vietnam, including 23 trips to Huế city. Egypt, Japan and Nepal are my love, and other favorite countries are Mongolia, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China (6 trips, 15 cities), Cambodia, Brunei Darussalam, the United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Laos (2 trips), Malaysia (3 trips), Singapore and Thailand (8 trips). I have visited all the countries in South East Asia except Timo... full info
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Chùa Hương (the Perfume Pagoda)Chùa Hương (the Perfume Pagoda)
Chùa Hương (the Perfume Pagoda)

Flowers and offerings sold outside the pagoda.
Temple of King Ngô Quyền Temple of King Ngô Quyền
Temple of King Ngô Quyền

Yellow painted birds standing on the backs of tortoises are often seen at the pagodas.
Paper horses at Kiếp Bạc templePaper horses at Kiếp Bạc temple
Paper horses at Kiếp Bạc temple

They are sold for burning after the rituals.
"Hầu đồng" ritual at Thác Bờ temple"Hầu đồng" ritual at Thác Bờ temple
"Hầu đồng" ritual at Thác Bờ temple

Boy or girl sits down with red cloth over their heads. A tray of fruits is put onto their heads and the woman wearing green clothes moves around with fire following music. They believe this ritual will prevent bad luck.
Bamboo pipes for smokingBamboo pipes for smoking
Bamboo pipes for smoking

They are sold outside some pagodas as souvenirs.
Đô temple in Bắc Ninh province Đô temple in Bắc Ninh province
Đô temple in Bắc Ninh province

A typical architecture of pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam.
Hoàng Công Chất temple Hoàng Công Chất temple
Hoàng Công Chất temple

This shot was taken in Điện Biên Phủ city (north west Vietnam) in June, ie during the summer time, so there was a remote control of fan on the wooden box.





Comments
Date: 2nd February 2010


When in Vietnam Lorenza and I found the tradition of burning offerings like votive money, etc very curious. We noticed that some people also burnt offerings such as fake mobile phones. Lorenza cheekily asked if the people ever thought to burn an instruction book for the mobile phone so the people on the other side were able to learn how to use it. We also found it interesting that people could make a good living selling votive items. We even lent some money via a micro credit loan to a women in Vietnam who was raising funds to start such a business. The business was profitable for her and she repaid the money very quickly. I was surprised that people would buy fake US dollars and it does seem a waste.

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 2nd February 2010

interesting
When I enter this site, nearly every day, I think to myself: "OK, let´s see if Hong Ha has written something new". I remember one of the pagodas you show on a picture on this blog. It´s very interesting the simple and clear explanations you write about. Thank you. Love from Argentina, Graciela.

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 2nd February 2010


The tradition of burning offerings has been going on for years and it is a way to make the people feel closer to their love ones and not so much of trying to get these items to them. People do not think it is a waste because it is a way to cope with the lost of their love ones and to ease their mind.

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 3rd February 2010

you are brave
I believe you are a brave person to say you are nonreligious, and that you believe in yourself. I wish I had thought of your statement first.

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 3rd February 2010

Reply to Ldinh
Since Vietnam is still a poor country and at the office we use white papers imported from Indonesia, I wonder how people think when trees are cut down to make papers. There are various ways to show our love to the deceased people, including respect and good treatment when they are alive.

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 4th February 2010

Reply to Ldinh
I couldn't find your email, so I send you the link to an article in Vietnamese about how much Vietnamese wasted their money for burning votive items. Monks also advised that we'd better spend such money helping poor people. Vàng mã công sở: Tiền tỷ vẫn... cháy http://tintuconline.vietnamnet.vn/vn/doanhnghiep/430655/index.html

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 4th February 2010

Thank you for the article
After reading the article I was shocked to see how much money people are willing to spend on burning offerings and believe that deceased people can actually receive the items. I now do agree with you that it is such a waste and the money should be donating to other good causes. Save papers, save trees, save the earth........

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam
Date: 7th February 2010

I found this amazing!
An article I read stated that "Official statistic from Hanoi admits that in Vietnam, people spent about VN$100 billion (US$ 7 million) annually for the practice whereas a poor peasant earns no more than one dollar a day." The article quoted the statistics from the year 2002.

From Blog: Pagodas and temples in northern Vietnam




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